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Serum Urate Lowering with Allopurinol and Kidney Function in Type 1 Diabetes.

Citation
Doria, A., et al. “Serum Urate Lowering With Allopurinol And Kidney Function In Type 1 Diabetes.”. The New England Journal Of Medicine, pp. 2493-2503.
Center University of Michigan Joslin Diabetes Center
Multicenter
Multicenter
Author Alessandro Doria, Andrzej T Galecki, Cathie Spino, Rodica Pop-Busui, David Z Cherney, Ildiko Lingvay, Afshin Parsa, Peter Rossing, Ronald J Sigal, Maryam Afkarian, Ronnie Aronson, Luiza Caramori, Jill P Crandall, Ian H de Boer, Thomas G Elliott, Allison B Goldfine, Sonya Haw, Irl B Hirsch, Amy B Karger, David M Maahs, Janet B McGill, Mark E Molitch, Bruce A Perkins, Sarit Polsky, Marlon Pragnell, William N Robiner, Sylvia E Rosas, Peter Senior, Katherine R Tuttle, Guillermo E Umpierrez, Amisha Wallia, Ruth S Weinstock, Chunyi Wu, Michael Mauer, PERL Study Group
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Higher serum urate levels are associated with an increased risk of diabetic kidney disease. Lowering of the serum urate level with allopurinol may slow the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in persons with type 1 diabetes and early-to-moderate diabetic kidney disease.

METHODS: In a double-blind trial, we randomly assigned participants with type 1 diabetes, a serum urate level of at least 4.5 mg per deciliter, an estimated GFR of 40.0 to 99.9 ml per minute per 1.73 m of body-surface area, and evidence of diabetic kidney disease to receive allopurinol or placebo. The primary outcome was the baseline-adjusted GFR, as measured with iohexol, after 3 years plus a 2-month washout period. Secondary outcomes included the decrease in the iohexol-based GFR per year and the urinary albumin excretion rate after washout. Safety was also assessed.

RESULTS: A total of 267 patients were assigned to receive allopurinol and 263 to receive placebo. The mean age was 51.1 years, the mean duration of diabetes 34.6 years, and the mean glycated hemoglobin level 8.2%. The mean baseline iohexol-based GFR was 68.7 ml per minute per 1.73 m in the allopurinol group and 67.3 ml per minute per 1.73 m in the placebo group. During the intervention period, the mean serum urate level decreased from 6.1 to 3.9 mg per deciliter with allopurinol and remained at 6.1 mg per deciliter with placebo. After washout, the between-group difference in the mean iohexol-based GFR was 0.001 ml per minute per 1.73 m (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.9 to 1.9; P = 0.99). The mean decrease in the iohexol-based GFR was -3.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m per year with allopurinol and -2.5 ml per minute per 1.73 m per year with placebo (between-group difference, -0.6 ml per minute per 1.73 m per year; 95% CI, -1.5 to 0.4). The mean urinary albumin excretion rate after washout was 40% (95% CI, 0 to 80) higher with allopurinol than with placebo. The frequency of serious adverse events was similar in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence of clinically meaningful benefits of serum urate reduction with allopurinol on kidney outcomes among patients with type 1 diabetes and early-to-moderate diabetic kidney disease. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; PERL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02017171.).

Year of Publication
2020
Journal
The New England journal of medicine
Volume
382
Issue
26
Number of Pages
2493-2503
Date Published
07/2020
ISSN Number
1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa1916624
Alternate Journal
N. Engl. J. Med.
PMID
32579810
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